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亲本遗传背景狭窄是目前国内外粳稻育种面临的瓶颈问题,本研究旨在分析比较云南及国内外不同地理分布粳稻的遗传多样性及其差异。结果表明:196份供试材料基于77个SSR标记可以划分为13个亚群,来自云南的125个材料在13个亚群中均有分布,来自华中单双季稻稻作区的材料大部分聚在了第11亚群,来自东北早熟单季稻稻作区的材料大部分聚在了第3亚群,来自台湾的材料大部分聚在第10亚群,来自美国的5个材料分别聚在第1、第4和第11亚群;根据地理分布6大类群的遗传多样性参数多重比较和聚类类型分析,云南材料的整体遗传多样性较高,其次是美国材料和华中稻作区材料,遗传多样性较低的是台湾材料;供试材料SSR标记的聚类与其地理分布具有很好的相关性,其中云南不同生态稻作区和不同育种系列粳稻相互关联、但高寒粳稻也有独立成亚群的趋势。该研究为拓宽粳稻育种亲本遗传背景、创制新种质提供重要参考。
The narrow genetic background of parents is the bottleneck facing japonica rice breeding at home and abroad at present. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the genetic diversity and differences of japonica rice with different geographic distributions in Yunnan and at home and abroad. The results showed that 196 samples could be divided into 13 subgroups based on 77 SSR markers, 125 materials from Yunnan were distributed among 13 subgroups, and most of the materials from single-double rice cropping area in Central China Gathered in the eleventh subgroup, most of the materials from the northeast precocious single cropping rice paddy area gathered in the third subgroup, most of the material from Taiwan gathered in the tenth subgroup, five materials from the United States gathered in the first 1, 4 and 11 sub-groups. According to the multiple comparisons of genetic diversity and cluster analysis, the overall genetic diversity of Yunnan was higher, followed by that of the United States and the middle reaches of China. There was a good correlation between SSR markers clustering and its geographical distribution in the lower genetic diversity. Among them, different ecological rice growing areas and different breeding series were interrelated in Yunnan, but there were also independent high-altitude japonica rice The trend of the group. The research provided important references for broadening the genetic background and creating new germplasms in japonica rice breeding.