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目的:了解汞中毒的最新流行病学特点,为汞中毒的进一步防治提供科学依据。方法:对2005年1月—2012年3月期间临床资料完整的274例汞中毒患者进行回顾性流行病学分析。结果:所调查患者中男118例(43.07%),女156例(56.93%),男女比为1:1.32。中毒患者的年龄主要集中于30~49岁(61.08%),男女之比1:1.41(P<0.05)。中毒原因前两位是职业接触(31.02%)与不明原因(28.10%)。男性首要中毒原因是职业接触(38.98%),女性为使用化妆品(37.82%)。受损部位:周围神经系统(66.06%)、中枢神经系统(35.04%)、呼吸系统(27.37%)、消化系统(11.31%)、泌尿系统(12.77%)、皮肤(4.38%),也可无特殊临床表现,部分患者亦表现为多系统损伤。结论:本研究提供了汞中毒流行病学的基本资料,为制定汞中毒防治策略提供有用信息。
Objective: To understand the latest epidemiological characteristics of mercury poisoning and provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control of mercury poisoning. Methods: A retrospective epidemiological analysis of 274 cases of mercury poisoning with complete clinical data from January 2005 to March 2012 was conducted. Results: Among the investigated patients, 118 (43.07%) were male and 156 (56.93%) female, the ratio of male to female was 1: 1.32. The age of poisoning patients mainly concentrated in 30 to 49 years (61.08%), male to female ratio of 1: 1.41 (P <0.05). The first two causes of poisoning are occupational exposure (31.02%) and unexplained (28.10%). The main cause of male poisoning is occupational exposure (38.98%), women use cosmetics (37.82%). Impaired sites: the peripheral nervous system (66.06%), the central nervous system (35.04%), the respiratory system (27.37%), the digestive system (11.31%), the urinary system (12.77%), the skin Special clinical manifestations, some patients also showed multiple system injury. Conclusions: This study provides basic information on the epidemiology of mercury poisoning and provides useful information for the development of strategies for prevention and control of mercury poisoning.