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本文的研究目的是通过对比日语母语者和以英语为母语的日语学习者的语篇叙事,说明什么是符合日语表达习惯的语篇叙述并考察学习者的习得情况。调查对象是日语母语者20名和学习者(母语:英语,中高级各20名),具体从与说话者的“信息把握方式”相关的视点角度来进行分析,得出以下结论:母语者在语篇中首次导入新登场(人)物时,1)使用ガ来标记登场人物,将注视点移动到登场人物(95%),2)视座始终固定在主人公身上(100%)。与此不同,学习者能将注视点移动到新登场(人)物上并将视座固定在主人公身上的即使是高级学习者也寥寥无几。这是因为日语母语者将自身作为事态的当事人参与其中,对事态进行主观识解;而学习者则将自身置身于事态之外,作为旁观者或观察者对事态进行客观识解的缘故。这一差别是母语者认为学习者的语篇不够自然的原因之一。通过考察学习者用母语叙述的语篇,我们发现与学习者的日语语篇相同,学习者的母语语篇中同样使用的是客观性的识解方式。
The purpose of this paper is to compare the text narratives of Japanese native speakers and native-speaking Japanese learners, to explain what is the narrative of the Japanese language expression and to investigate learners’ acquisition. The survey was conducted by 20 native speakers of Japanese and learners (mother tongue: English, 20 each in middle and senior level). The analysis was conducted from the point of view related to the speaker’s “information grasping method” and reached the following conclusions: Native speakers When introducing a new debut (person) in the text for the first time, 1) use ガ to mark the character, move the gaze to the character (95%), and 2) always fix the seat on the hero (100%). In contrast, even learners who are able to move their gaze to a new debut (person) and fix the viewer on the hero are not even advanced learners. This is because Japanese native speakers engage themselves as parties to the situation and subjectively understand the state of affairs; while learners place themselves outside of the situation as observers or observers to objectively understand the situation. This difference is one of the reasons why native speakers think the learner’s discourse is not natural enough. By examining the texts that the learner narrates in her native language, we find that the learner’s Japanese discourse is the same as the learner’s discourse.