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目的:比较超微通道经皮肾镜取石术(super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy，SMP)与微通道经皮肾镜取石术(mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy，MPCNL)在小儿肾结石治疗方面的安全性和疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014年3月至2016年7月在超声引导下行SMP和MPCNL治疗40例肾结石患儿的临床资料。按手术方法不同将患儿分为SMP组(18例)和MPCNL组(22例)。SMP组男14例，女4例；年龄(7.9±4.4)岁；结石大小(15.41±5.63)mm。MPCNL组男14例，女8例；年龄(8.62±3.41)岁；结石大小(16.77±3.59)mm。对两组手术时间、一期结石清除率、术后并发症等参数进行统计学分析，对比分析两种术式的特点。结果:SMP组建立经皮肾通道时间为(10.75±2.70)min，较MPCNL组(19.68±6.95)min短，且两组比较，差异有统计学意义(n P＝0.016)。SMP组与MPCNL组的一期结石清除率分别为83.33%(15/18)和81.81%(18/22)，手术时间分别为(83.33±46.72)min和(101.36±38.91)min，术后血红蛋白损失量分别为(7.59±7.51)g/L和(7.75±8.77)g/L，组间比较，差异均无统计学意义(n P均>0.05)。两组均无术中输血病例。术后SMP组出现Clavien Ⅰ级并发症1例(5.55%)，MPCNL组5例(22.72%)，均为术后发热，均经积极抗感染治疗后好转；两组均无Clavien Ⅱ、Ⅲ级并发症发生。所有患儿术后B型超声随访1～2年，两组均无肾积水、肾萎缩病例。n 结论:SMP与MPCNL对于儿童肾结石都是安全、有效的微创碎石方法。但SMP与MPCNL相比，通道更小，镜体纤细，更适合婴幼儿或盏颈狭小、下盏结石的患儿。“,”Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of super-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) versus mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in managing renal calculi in children.Methods:Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 40 children with renal calculi. They underwent SMP (n n=18) and MPCNL (n n=22). In SMP group, there were 14 boys and 4 girls with an age range of (7.90±4.40) years and a stone size of (15.41±5.63) mm; In MPCNL group, there were 14 boys and 8 girls with an age range of (8.62±3.41) years and a stone size of (16.77±3.59) mm. Operative duration, primary stone clearance rate, postoperative complications and other parameters of two groups were statistically analyzed for comparing the characteristics of two operative approaches.n Results:The time of establishing percutaneous renal channel was shorter in SMP group than that in MPCNL group [(10.75±2.70) vs. (19.68±6.95) min]. And inter-group difference was statistically significant (n P=0.016). The first-phase stone clearance, postoperative hemoglobin loss and postoperative complication rate of SMP and MPCNL groups were (83.33±46.72) vs. (101.36±38.91) min, 83.33% vs. 81.81% and (7.59±7.51) vs. (7.75±8.77) g/L. respectively. No significant inter-group difference existed. No blood transfusion was provided. In SMP group, there was Clavien Ⅰ complication (n n=1, 5.55%); In MPCNL group (n n=5, 22.72%), postoperative fever subsided after aggressive anti-infection treatment. In two groups, there was on onset of Clavien Ⅱ/Ⅲ complications. Ultrasonic follow-ups were conducted for 1-2 years and hydronephrosis or renal atrophy disappeared in both groups.n Conclusions:Both SMP and MPCNL are safe, effective and mini-invasive for pediatric renal calculi. As compared with MPCNL, SMP has a smaller channel and a thinner mirror body. And SMP is more suitable for infants or toddlers with narrow calyx neck and lower calyx calculi.