论文部分内容阅读
目的调查、检测、评价四川省23家石英砂企业职业危害因素及防护效果,为企业职业危害防护措施改进提供依据。方法依据相关法律法规进行现场卫生学调查,按照国家职业卫生标准和规范进行采样和分析。结果①现场卫生学调查结果:23家石英砂企业绝大多数属于微小型企业,80%企业生产工艺采用了湿法生产,存在的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘(矽尘)和噪声。②职业危害因素检测结果:总粉尘共检测53个作业点,范围在0.50～27.4 mg/m3,平均3.84 mg/m3;18个作业点在职业卫生标准限值内,合格率为34.0%。呼吸性粉尘共检测53个作业点,范围在0.40～10.84 mg/m3;平均2.35 mg/m3,21个作业点在职业卫生标准限值内,合格率为39.6%。分析48个作业点粉尘中的游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量只有13个点(27.1%)在10%以下。噪声共测量102个作业点,强度范围在72.2～104.0 dB(A),平均86.3 dB(A);66个作业点在职业卫生标准限值内,合格率为66.7%。结论四川省23家洗选、加工石英砂为主的生产企业中职业危害因素粉尘浓度超标严重,72.9%的作业场所中游离SiO2含量大于10%,属于高度危害作业场所,个别噪声岗位超限严重。因此,必须加强防护措施的设置与防护用品使用监督,才能有效预防职业病的发生。
Objective To investigate, test and evaluate the occupational hazards and protective effects of 23 quartz sand enterprises in Sichuan Province, and provide basis for the improvement of protective measures against occupational hazards in enterprises. Methods Based on the relevant laws and regulations, the on-site hygiene survey was conducted and samples and analyzes were conducted in accordance with the national occupational health standards and norms. Results ① Results of on-site hygiene survey: Most of the 23 quartz sand enterprises belonged to micro-sized enterprises, 80% of them used wet production methods, and the main occupational hazards were dust (silica dust) and noise. ② Occupational hazard factors test results: A total of 53 operation points were detected in total dust, ranging from 0.50 to 27.4 mg / m3 with an average of 3.84 mg / m3. 18 operation points were within the limits of occupational health standards with a pass rate of 34.0%. Respiratory dust were detected in 53 operating points, ranging from 0.40 to 10.84 mg / m3; with an average of 2.35 mg / m3. 21 operating points were within the limits of occupational hygiene standards with a pass rate of 39.6%. The analysis showed that only 13 points (27.1%) of free silica (SiO2) in the dust of 48 work sites were below 10%. A total of 102 operation points were measured with a range of intensity of 72.2 ~ 104.0 dB (A) and an average of 86.3 dB (A). Sixty-six operation points were within the limits of occupational health standards with a pass rate of 66.7%. Conclusions Dust concentrations of occupational hazards in production enterprises in 23 washing and processing quartz sands in Sichuan Province exceeded the standard seriously. 72.9% of the workplaces contained more than 10% of free SiO2, which was a highly hazardous work site. . Therefore, we must strengthen the establishment of protective measures and the use of protective equipment supervision, in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.