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The laboratory rat was one of the earliest mammalian species for scientific research and used as animal disease models in physiology,toxicology,behavior,immunology,and tumor-biology for over 150 years(Jacob,1999).However,rat lags far behind mouse in generating human disease models and functional genomic studies because of the lack of authentic rat embryonic stem(ES) cells(Voigt and Serikawa, 2009),whereas the first mouse ES cell line was established in 1981(Evans and Kaufman,1981).By combining two or three kinase inhibitors which target GSK3,MEK and FGF signaling pathways in serum-free N2B27 medium,germline competent rat ES cells were first derived in 2008(Buehr et al.,2008;Li
The laboratory rat was one of the earliest mammalian species for scientific research and used as animal disease models in physiology, toxicology, behavior, immunology, and tumor-biology for over 150 years (Jacob, 1999) .owever, rat lags far behind mouse in generating human disease models and functional genomic studies due to the lack of authentic rat embryonic stem (ES) cells (Voigt and Serikawa, 2009), the first mouse ES cell line was established in 1981 (Evans and Kaufman, 1981) two or three kinase inhibitors which target GSK3, MEK and FGF signaling pathways in serum-free N2B27 medium, germline competent rat ES cells were first derived in 2008 (Buehr et al., 2008; Li