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牙轮钻头在我国各油田早已广泛使用,但过去主要是钢齿钻头。近几年来,镶齿钻头也广泛使用,尤其是引进镶硬质合金齿、滑动密封轴承喷射式钻头(即四合一钻头)以后,钻井速度大幅度提高,使用寿命成倍提高,它是高效率破碎岩石的重要工具。我国镶齿牙轮钻头是在钻井的实践中产生的,它是随着生产的发展而发展。七十年代以前,钢齿钻头在硬地层和研磨性强的地层中钻井十分困难,虽然钢齿上敷焊有莱立特耐磨合金,但仍然不耐磨。例如在川南香溪统粉砂岩、石英砂岩地层中,一只中硬钢齿钻头仅用几个小时,钢齿就磨光了,进尺只有几米。为了高速度开发油气田,就要提高钻井速度,首先要攻克硬地层和研磨性强的地层,要求制造出适应这类地层的硬钻头。国外是1951年第一次试制出镶硬质合金球形齿钻头,在坚硬和研磨性强的地层中进尺成倍提高。近几年来,镶齿钻头已发展成完整系列,它可适应从软、中软到坚硬的各类地层,再加上配有良好的滑动密封轴承和高压喷咀,从而形成当前在世界上钻井效率最高的钻头。
Tricone bit has long been widely used in various oil fields in China, but in the past mainly steel bit. In recent years, insert bits are also widely used, especially the introduction of hard alloy teeth, sliding seal bearing jet drill (ie, four-in-one drill), the drilling speed increased significantly, the service life increased exponentially, it is high An important tool for rock breaking efficiency. China Indent roller bit is generated in the practice of drilling, it is with the development of production development. Prior to the 1970s, steel bit drilling was difficult in hard formations and abrasive formations, although wear-resistant on the steel teeth was Laredtall wear-resistant but still not wear resistant. For example, in the Xuanxi siltstone and quartz sandstone formations in southern Sichuan, only a few hours were used for the hard-toothed steel bit, the steel teeth were polished and the footage was only a few meters. In order to develop oil and gas fields at a high speed, it is necessary to increase the drilling speed. First, hard formations and highly abrasive formations are to be overcome, and hard rock drills adapted to such formations are required. Abroad is the first time in 1951 trial production of carbide ball spline bit, in the hard and abrasive strata into doubled. In recent years, the insert has developed into a complete series, it can be adapted from soft, medium to hard all kinds of stratum, coupled with a good sliding bearings and high pressure nozzle, to form the current drilling efficiency in the world The highest bit.