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苦荬菜(Sonchus brachyotus)又名苦菜、甜苣、取麻菜,是菊科多年生草本植物,含乳汁,高20—70厘米,具长匍匐茎,地下横走,白色。茎直立,单叶互生,基生叶长圆状披针形,广披针形至倒披针形,先端钝或锐尖,基部渐狭成柄,边缘具疏浅裂;茎生叶无柄,基部耳状抱茎。头状花序单一或2—8个,于茎顶排列成伞房花序,直径2—4厘米;花两性,皆为舌状花,黄色,雄蕊5,雌蕊1,子房下位,瘦果长圆形,冠毛雪白色,细软。花期6—9月,果期7—10月。
Sonchus brachyotus (also known as bitter herbs, sweet lettuce, take the bramble), is an Asteraceae perennial herb, containing milk, 20-70 cm tall, with stolons, underground transverse, white. Stems erect, leaf alternate, basal leaves oblong-lanceolate, broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate, apex obtuse or acute, base attenuate into shanks, margin dehiscent lobed; stem leaves sessile, Basal auricle. Head single or 2-8, arranged in the top of the stem into a corymbal, 2-4 cm in diam .; flowers bisexual, all tongue flowers, yellow, stamens 5, pistil 1, ovary lower, achenes oblong Crested white, soft. Flowering from June to September, the fruit from July to October.