Sedimentological, cyclic-stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and clay-mineralogical studies on the earlyOligocene Yaxicuo Group in the Hoh Xil Basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the TibetanPlateau, provide abundant information of paleoclimate changes. A 350-m thick section in the middle-lower YaxicuoGroup was analyzed to reveal the climatic history that occurred in the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene interval31.30-30.35 Ma, dated with the paleomagnetic chronostratigraphy. The results indicate that arid and cold climatedominated the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene in general, being related to the global cooling and dryingevents that occurred in the earliest Oligocene. Within this period, relatively warm and wet climate accompanied bystrong tectonic activity occurred in the 31.05-30.75 Ma interval; while arid and cold climate and relatively inactivetectonics occurred in the 31.30-31.05 and 30.75-30.35 Ma intervals. Furthermore, spectral analyses of high-temporalresolution paleoclimatic records show orbital periods including eccentricity, obliquity, and precession. It is concludedthat paleoclimate changes during the early Oligocene in the Hoh Xil region were forced by both tectonic activity andorbital periods.