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由于缺乏长期定位观测资料,西南喀斯特山区坡地水土流失规律一直不明确,严重影响了该区石漠化综合治理和水土流失防治工作的成效和进程。该文基于13个大型径流小区(宽20m、投影面积>1000m2)5a(2006-2010年)的定位观测资料,分析了桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地不同利用方式坡面降雨产流规律和地表侵蚀产沙特征。结果表明:观测期内年降雨量为1300～2000mm,无论平水年还是丰水年,不同利用方式坡面次降雨径流系数<5%,地表产流很少,降雨几乎全部入渗。不同利用方式地表侵蚀产沙模数虽有较大差异,但土壤侵蚀以微度(<30t/(km2a))为主,部分甚至只有0～5t/(km2a)。植被类型、土地利用方式对坡面降雨产流的影响较小,但人为干扰会增加地表侵蚀产沙量。该文为喀斯特坡地植被恢复重建和水土流失防治提供参考。
Due to the lack of long-term observation data, the law of slope erosion in the southwest karst mountain slopes has been unclear, which has seriously affected the effectiveness and progress of comprehensive management of desertification and prevention and control of soil erosion. Based on the observation data of 13 large-scale runoff plots (width 20m, projected area> 1000m2) 5a (2006-2010), this paper analyzed the runoffs and runoff laws and the surface erosion productivity of different utilization ways in karst cluster- Sand characteristics. The results showed that the annual rainfall during the observation period was 1300-2000 mm. The rainfall runoff coefficient was less than 5% in different utilization ways regardless of flat water years or wet years, and the surface runoff was scarce with almost all rainfall infiltration. Soil erosion is dominated by micro-degree (<30t / (km2a)), and some are even only 0 ~ 5t / (km2a). Vegetation types and land use types have little effect on rainfall runoff on the slope, but man-made disturbance will increase the erosion and sediment yield. This article provides reference for vegetation restoration and soil erosion control in karst slopes.