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南斯拉夫是社会主义国家中最早实行经济改革的国家,它的经济成就曾经令世界瞩目。但是进入八十年代,南斯拉夫多年高速增长的势头猛地掉了下来。在1980—1988年间,其社会生产年平均增长率只有0.6%,有些生产部门出现零增长甚至负增长。通货膨胀率从1980年的30%增至1988年的250%,人民实际生活水平在十年间大约下降了三十个百分点。在如此严峻的经济现实面前,南斯拉夫政府实施了哪些经济政策?这些政策的效应如何?本文试图就此作些概述。
Yugoslavia is the earliest socialist country in the implementation of economic reform and its economic achievements have drawn the world’s attention. However, in the 1980s, the momentum of Yugoslavia’s rapid growth over the years has suddenly plummeted. Between 1980 and 1988, the average annual growth rate of social production was only 0.6%, with some production sectors showing zero or even negative growth. The rate of inflation increased from 30% in 1980 to 250% in 1988, and the actual living standard of the people decreased by about 30 percentage points in a decade. In the face of such a grim economic reality, what are the economic policies implemented by the Yugoslav government and the effect of these policies? This article attempts to outline some of them.