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目的建立一种开放性颅脑外伤海水浸泡动物模型,研究其伤情特点。方法健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠100只,随机分为5组,分别为对照组、轻型颅脑外伤海水浸泡组、中型颅脑外伤海水浸泡组、重型颅脑外伤海水浸泡组和重型颅脑外伤生理盐水浸泡组。采用控制性皮质撞击法造成不同程度的脑外伤,致伤后将大鼠局部损伤的脑组织浸泡在人工海水或生理盐水中,构建动物模型。观察各组大鼠行为学、病理学、脑含水量、血脑屏障通透性等变化。结果建立的动物模型可较好地模拟遭海水浸泡的开放性颅脑外伤伤情特点。随脑外伤程度的加重,大鼠神经功能损伤、脑组织病理学、脑含水量、血脑屏障破坏程度逐渐加重;同等伤情下海水浸泡组脑组织坏死和出血等病理改变较生理盐水浸泡组明显加重;浸泡后24h,同等伤情下海水浸泡组较生理盐水浸泡组脑组织含水量、血脑屏障破坏程度等均有显著加重。结论制作的大鼠模型可模拟不同程度开放性颅脑外伤遭海水浸泡后的伤情变化。
Objective To establish an animal model of seawater immersion after open head trauma and study its injury characteristics. Methods One hundred male Sprague-Dawley (SD) SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, seawater immersion group with mild traumatic brain injury, seawater immersion group with medium traumatic brain injury, seawater immersion group with severe craniocerebral trauma and severe traumatic brain injury Saline immersion group. A controlled cortical impact method was used to induce different degrees of brain trauma. After injury, the brain tissues of rats with local injury were immersed in artificial seawater or saline to construct animal models. The changes of behavior, pathology, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability and other changes in each group were observed. Results The animal model established can better simulate the characteristics of open brain trauma injured by seawater. With the severity of traumatic brain injury, neurological impairment, cerebral histopathology, brain water content and the damage of blood-brain barrier in rats gradually aggravated. Under the same injury, pathological changes such as necrosis and hemorrhage of brain tissue in seawater immersion group were more severe than those in saline immersion group Obviously increased. After immersion for 24 h, the water content in brain tissue and the damage of blood-brain barrier in seawater immersion group under the same injury were significantly higher than those in saline-immersion group. Conclusions The rat model can simulate the changes of injuries caused by open seawater immersion in varying degrees of open traumatic brain injury.