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目的 作者研究γ刀不同剂量定位照射大鼠脑尾壳核中部后前脑内星形细胞（ＡＳ） 形态和数量的变化以探讨γ刀的放射生物效应，为临床防护提供依据。方法 应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法以ＡＳ的中型丝主要构成成分———胶质细胞原纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）作为免疫染色标志观察照射后９０ 天ＧＦＡＰ的表达及变化情况。结果 ①吸收剂量１０～３０ Ｇｙ 时，ＡＳ在靶区内大量增生，细胞肥大和变性，与对侧形成明显对比；４０ ～６０ Ｇｙ时照射靶区ＡＳ肥大和变性增多；７０ ～１００ Ｇｙ 时，靶区出现边界明确的坏死区，离坏死区越近，细胞变性越明显；靶区和隔区出现明显的水肿，细胞胞体肥大明显。②从低剂量到高剂量，血管扩张变形渐趋严重，８０ Ｇｙ时，血管内膜出现凹凸不平。③在远离照射部位的脑区，双侧反应差别较小。结论 低剂量伽玛刀局部照射，９０ 天时可通过特异性抗体检测出ＡＳ的数量和形态改变；靶区的损伤程度和剂量成正相关。
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and quantitative changes of astrocytes (AS) in the posterior cerebral nucleus of the caudate putamen irradiated by different doses of γ-knife in order to investigate the radiobiological effects of γ-knife and provide the basis for clinical protection. Methods Immunohistochemical ABC method was used to detect the expression and changes of GFAP 90 days after irradiated with the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as the main component of middle silk. Results ① At 10 ~ 30 Gy dose, AS proliferated in a large amount in the target area, cell hypertrophy and degeneration, which was obviously compared with the contralateral. At 70 ~ 100 Gy, the AS hypertrophy and degeneration increased at 40 ~ 60 Gy, The target area showed a clear necrotic border area, the closer to the necrosis area, the more obvious cell degeneration; target area and septal obvious edema, cell body obvious. ② From low dose to high dose, the dilatation of blood vessels gradually became more and more serious. The intima showed irregularities at 80 Gy. ③ in the far part of the brain irradiation, bilateral differences in response to small. CONCLUSIONS: The number and morphology of AS can be detected by specific antibodies 90 days after local irradiation with low dose Gamma Knife. The damage degree of target area is positively correlated with the dose.