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目的探讨城乡早产和/或低出生体重儿的神经心理发育水平及行为特征,分析城乡间差异。方法 2009年2月-2013年7月应用自编一般情况量表、《0-6岁儿童神经心理发育检查量表》和《孤独症行为量表》(ABC量表)对97例早产和/或低出生体重儿进行观察测评。结果城乡儿童智能发育异常发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);智能发育除大运动外,精细运动、语言、适应能力、社交行为及总发育商比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);城乡儿童行为问题发生频率从高到低依次为生活自理、语言、躯体运动方面,仅在生活自理方面“若没有别人的帮助,不会自己穿衣服”城乡儿童比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.90,P<0.05)。结论与城市相比,乡镇早产和/或低出生体重儿神经心理发育水平落后,提示应加强对乡镇早产和/或低出生体重儿家庭神经心理方面的早期宣教和干预工作。
Objective To explore the neuropsychological development and behavioral characteristics of preterm and / or low birth weight infants in urban and rural areas and to analyze the differences between urban and rural areas. Methods From February 2009 to July 2013, 97 children with preterm and / or preterm birth were enrolled in this study by using the self-made general situation scale, the neuropsychological development scale 0-6 and the Autistic Behavior Scale (ABC Scale) Or low birth weight children for observation and evaluation. Results There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental retardation between urban and rural children (P> 0.05). In addition to the generalized exercise, there was significant difference in fine motor, language, adaptability, social behavior and total development <0.05). The frequency of behavioral problems in urban and rural areas from high to low followed by self-care, language, physical exercise, only in the life self-care “If there is no other people’s help, will not wear their own clothes” Statistical significance (χ ~ 2 = 7.90, P <0.05). Conclusions Compared with urban areas, the neuropsychological development of rural children with preterm and / or low birth weight children lags behind, suggesting that early education and intervention in home-based neuropsychology of preterm and / or low birth weight children should be strengthened.