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基质改良和耐性物种选择是重金属矿业废弃地生态修复的关键。本文通过室内盆栽试验,以4kg尾矿为植物盆栽基质,分别加入腐熟鸡粪0、8、16、32g混匀,记作MA0(CK)、MA8、MA16、MA32处理方式,研究不同比例腐熟鸡粪改良对铜尾矿基质中无机氮组分及3种豆科植物决明(Cassia tora)、田菁(Sesbania cannabina)、菽麻(Crotalaria juncea)生长发育的影响。结果表明,添加鸡粪改良处理后,3种豆科植物生长的尾矿基质中均以硝态氮为有效氮的主要形态,总无机氮含量为17.96～44.82mg·kg-1。其中菽麻MA32处理组尾矿基质中铵态氮含量(5.31mg·kg-1)最高,菽麻MA16处理组尾矿基质中硝态氮含量(43.06mg·kg-1)和总无机氮含量(44.82mg·kg-1)最高。MA16处理时,田菁和菽麻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b值均表现最大。3种豆科植物叶绿素a/b为0.92～1.08。在同一鸡粪比例处理中,菽麻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b值均显著高于决明和田菁(P<0.05)。鸡粪改良铜尾矿基质能够促进3种豆科植物生长,植物株高、冠幅、根长均增加,并且随着生长期延长,增加明显。其中MA32处理菽麻70d株高(94.40cm)最大,阻止尾矿风蚀水蚀的效果最好。综合分析表明,MA16处理方式可作为鸡粪改良铜尾矿基质理想的比例模式,菽麻可作为铜尾矿生态修复优选植物种。
Matrix modification and tolerance species selection are the keys to ecological restoration of heavy metal mining wasteland. In this paper, indoor pot experiment to 4kg tailings as potted plant substrate, respectively, add cooked chicken manure 0,8,16,32g mixing, recorded as MA0 (CK), MA8, MA16, MA32 treatment methods to study different proportions of rotten chicken Effects of manure improvement on inorganic nitrogen components in copper tailings and the growth and development of three leguminous Cassia tora, Sesbania cannabina and Crotalaria juncea. The results showed that the nitrate nitrogen was the main form of available nitrogen in the tailings of three leguminous plants with the improved chicken manure treatment. The total inorganic nitrogen content was 17.96 ~ 44.82 mg · kg-1. Among them, the content of ammonium nitrogen (5.31 mg · kg-1) in the tailings matrix of the flax MA32 treatment group was the highest, the nitrate nitrogen content (43.06 mg · kg-1) and the total inorganic nitrogen content (44.82mg · kg-1) the highest. When treated with MA16, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + The chlorophyll a / b of three kinds of leguminous plants was 0.92 ~ 1.08. In the same ratio of chicken manure, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + b values were significantly higher in Cassia henryi than that in Cassia and Senecio (P <0.05). Chicken manure improved copper tailings matrix can promote the growth of three kinds of leguminous plants, plant height, crown width, root length increased, and with the growth period increased significantly increased. Among them, MA32 had the highest plant height (94.40cm) for 70 days, preventing the tailings from erosion and erosion. Comprehensive analysis showed that the MA16 treatment mode could be used as an ideal proportion model of chicken manure modified copper tailings matrix, and the flax can be used as the copper plant tailings ecological restoration preferred species.