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《蒙古字韵》是元朝初期由政府组织编撰的一部蒙汉对音教科书,也是一部特殊形式的韵书。它的韵字编撰参照金人礼部韵修订本王文郁的《新刊韵略》,按照当时的实际语音就其原来声韵关系进行了调整,尤其是对原有106个韵部3000多个小韵按照新的声韵关系进行了合并,从中可以研究近代官话语音史问题。就其音系而言,总的趋势是简化,但又呈现出复杂多样性特点。声类方面,知庄章三组声母合流,并从中分化出洪细两套声母t?系和t系;牙喉音疑母除一等外,其余二三四等绝大部分声母脱落而零声母化,尽管有疑母、鱼母和喻母之分,其实都是零声母的表现。影母分化出幺母(二三四等),匣母衍生合母(一等);牙喉音二等韵腭化,产生舌面音t、t‘、等。所有这些与韵等有着密切的关系。韵类方面,中古入声基本消失,韵尾-p、-t、-k三分的格局已不复存在,其壁垒关系被打破,与阴声韵融合成一种新的韵类;止摄中产生了新的韵类资思韵,梗摄喉音中的合口字和山摄咸摄唇音中的合口字失落介音而变为洪音,轻唇音韵母全面洪音化等。这些都是非常重要的语音现象,反映了以《广韵》音系为代表的中古音系向近代汉语音系的发展及其形成。
“Mongolian word rhyme” is a Mongolian-Chinese phonetic textbook compiled by the government in the early Yuan Dynasty and is also a special form of rhyme book. Its rhyme word compilation reference rhyme revision rhyme Wang Wenyu’s “new rhyme”, in accordance with the actual voice of the original rhyme relationship was adjusted, especially for the original 106 Rhyme Department more than 3000 small rhyme in accordance with the new The relationship between sound and rhythm was merged, from which you can study the history of modern Mandarin voice. As far as its phonology is concerned, the general trend is simplification but with a complex and diverse character. Acoustic category, Zhuangzhang three groups know the merger of the first consonants, and from the differentiation of the two sets of thin consonants t? Department and t? System; dental hypopharynx suspect mother in addition to the other two three four most other initials off Zero initials, in spite of the suspect, the mother of the fish and the sub-Yu, in fact, the performance of zero initials. Shadowmother differentiated from a single mother (two three four, etc.), the mother derivative mother (first class); dental syllables second rhyme palate, resulting in tongue tone t, t ’, and so on. All of these have a close relationship with rhyme and so on. Rhyme categories, the Middle Voice basically disappeared, rhyme-p, -t, -k third of the pattern no longer exists, the barrier is broken, and rhyme rhyme fused into a new rhyme class; The new rhyme type rhyme rhyme, stems in the guttural syrup and mountain photo salty lip lip in the mouth of the missing sound and become the sound of Hong tone, light lip vowel comprehensive sounding and so on. These are all very important phonetic phenomena, reflecting the development and formation of modern Chinese phonology, represented by “Guangyun” phonology.