在模拟一个小麦育种程序中对衍生自七个小麦组合的随机 F_3家系进行了品质测验,并根据磨粉率、面粉蛋白质含量和四种蛋白质品质测验体系的单个测定结果决定其取舍,本文确定了应该利用测试项目选择磨粉率高并与籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量和各种最终用途(制作面包、蛋糕、馅饼等)相适应的参试材料。在 F_4代,种植了所有的参试材料进行重复产量试验。通过参试群体的 F_4产量分布与进行过品质测验的 F_4相比较,评定了早代品质选择对继代产量分布的影响。尽管单独选择磨粉率和蛋白质并不改变产量的分布,然而在 F_3代单独按蛋白质含量进行选择却使被淘汰的高于平均产量的家系数目比 F_4低于平均产量家系的数目还多。此外,F_3代的面粉蛋白质含量与 F_4代的籽粒产量呈显著的负相关表明,过分强调选择高蛋白含量的株系会降低继代产量改良的速度,应用早代品质测验可使66%的株系被划为品质不理想而被淘汰掉。但不至影响继代的产量分布。本研究结果对以产生高产优质小麦品种为目标的育种计划是有应用价值的。 Quality tests were conducted on a random F_3 pedigree derived from a combination of seven wheat combinations in a simulation of a wheat breeding program and their tradeoffs were determined on the basis of individual measurements of milling rate, flour protein content and four protein quality testing systems, Test items should be used to select test materials with high milling rates and grain hardness, protein content and a variety of end uses (breads, cakes, pies, etc.). In F_4 generation, all the tested materials were planted for repeated yield test. Through the comparison of the F_4 yield distribution of the test groups with the F_4 quality test, the effect of the early quality selection on the yield distribution was evaluated. Although the choice of milling rate and protein alone did not alter the distribution of yield, the individual selection by protein content in the F 3 generation resulted in more than the average yield of families eliminated from F_4 below the average yield of families. In addition, the significant negative correlation between F_3 flour protein content and F_4 generation grain yield showed that over-emphasizing the selection of high protein content lines would reduce the rate of subsequent yield improvement. Using the early quality test, 66% Department was classified as unsatisfactory and was eliminated. But it does not affect the distribution of the successor generation. The results of this study are valuable for breeding programs that target high-yielding and high-quality wheat varieties.