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二十世纪物理学与十九世纪末叶的物理学的分界线——量子理论的出现,它在一定程度内将旧物理学与至今尚只60年历史的现代物理学划分开来.旧物理学的特征是什么呢?十九世纪末叶以前,学者清楚地理解与通常尺度有关的理论,即力学与电动力学的规律——电磁场的规律.当时学者绝对地确信,旧物理学规律在任何场合下对任何尺度的客体都是适合的,包括原子尺度的情况在内.如果进行客观的考察,则这种假定是缺乏根据的.原子物理学也遵循普通物理学所遵循的规律这一假定,在科学上并未发现任何证明资料,而且,后来逐渐积累了一些完全相反的材料.其中最鲜明的反证是
The emergence of quantum theory, the dividing line between the physics of the 20th century and the physics of the end of the 19th century, divided the old physics from modern physics, which has only 60 years of history, to some extent. What are the characteristics of the characters? Before the end of the 19th century, scholars clearly understood the theory related to the usual scales, namely, the laws of mechanics and electrodynamics—the laws of electromagnetic fields. At that time, scholars were absolutely convinced that the laws of old physics were in any situation. It is suitable for objects of any scale, including the case of atomic scales. If an objective examination is made, this assumption is unfounded. Atomic physics also follows the assumption that regular physics follows the law, Science did not find any evidence, and later it gradually accumulated some completely contradictory materials. The most obvious proof is that