苏联研究美国电影的专家舍斯塔科夫,把美国电影分为三类:(一)好莱坞电影;(二)独立制片人拍摄的商业性电影;(三)地下电影。美国电影理论家希尔顿·雷南指出,地下电影的特点首先是作者的电影,不是由摄制组拍摄的影片。其次,往往不同于甚至于是反对通常电影的形式、技巧和内容,没有什么情节,往 The Soviet Union to study the United States film expert Scotskoff, the American film is divided into three categories: (a) Hollywood movies; (b) independent producers of commercial films; (c) underground movies. American film theorist Hilton Renan pointed out that the characteristics of underground films are, above all, the author’s films, not the films shot by the crew. Second, they often differ from or even oppose the forms, techniques and contents of ordinary films. They do not have any plots in the past