“多余人”是19世纪俄国小说出现的形象系列,具有与欧阳修所谓“穷者之诗”相类似的审美特征,其美感的生成与“诗能穷人”的提出具有相类似的心理基础。构成上“多余人”蕴含了以外衬内、显隐相映的不对称结构,并通过“畏穷”心理统合为整体形象,且“多余人”形象有着宋诗般涩味的诗意。 “Excess Man” is a series of images appearing in 19th century Russian novels with the aesthetic characteristics similar to Ouyang Xiu’s “poem of the poorest”. The creation of his beauty is similar to the proposition of “poem can be poor” A similar psychological basis. As a result, “surplus people ” contains the asymmetrical structure of outer lining and obvious contrast, and integrates into the overall image through Poetic.