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目的了解中国部分海域中可食用鱼类中铅、镉的含量和污染状况。方法采集部分海域捕捞的可食用鱼类样品124种,采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法对样品中的铅、镉含量进行测定,依据GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》规定的鱼类中铅、镉的限量对结果进行判定,采用单因子污染指数法进行污染评价。结果镉的检出率为21.8%,检出范围0.005~0.468 mg/kg,铅的检出率为84.7%,检出范围0.01~0.43 mg/kg。只有东海海域采集的尖头斜齿鲨镉含量超标,超标率为0.8%,属于重度污染。东海海域采集的军曹鱼、宽体舌鳎,南海海域采集的马鲛鱼、银鲳、大黄鱼的镉污染属于轻度污染。未见铅超标样品,黄渤海海域采集的带纹条鳎铅污染属于中度污染。结论中国绝大部分的海洋经济鱼类中铅、镉含量相对较低,绝大部分符合国家水产品卫生和质量安全指标。
Objective To understand the contents and pollution status of lead and cadmium in edible fish in some areas of China. Methods Totally 124 edible fish samples were collected from some sea areas. The contents of lead and cadmium in samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. According to the provisions of GB 2762-2012 “Limit of Contaminants in Foodstuffs, National Food Safety Standard” Of the fish in the lead, cadmium limit the results to determine the use of single factor pollution index pollution evaluation. Results The detection rate of cadmium was 21.8%. The detection range was 0.005-0.468 mg / kg. The detection rate of lead was 84.7%. The detection range was 0.01-0.43 mg / kg. Only the cadmium collected in the East China Sea had a cadmium content exceeding the standard, with an exceeding standard rate of 0.8%, which belonged to severe pollution. Cobia collected in the East China Sea, broad-leaved Tongue, the South China Sea collected mackerel, silver crab, large yellow croaker cadmium pollution is mild pollution. No lead exceeded the sample, collected in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea striated lead pollution is moderately polluted. Conclusions The lead and cadmium contents in most marine economy fish in China are relatively low, most of which are in line with the indicators of national hygiene and quality and safety of aquatic products.