磷是影响植物新陈代谢和生长发育的重要元素,但由于其极易被土壤固定,因而有效性非常低。缺磷已成为限制当前农作物产量提高和品质改良主要因素之一,传统农业生产一般通过施肥和土壤改良来提高植物对磷素的利用率。近年来,有学者提出通过发掘和利用磷高效品种来解决植物需磷和土壤供磷矛盾的新途径。文章综述了中国土壤磷素营养及其遗传改良的必要性,并针对目前大豆磷素营养的现状,整理了中国开展磷高效育种以来获得的所有高效及低效大豆材料,为进一步克隆磷代谢相关基因、解析磷高效生理及分子机制、选育磷高效新品种提供依据。 Phosphorus is an important element that affects plant metabolism and growth and development, but its effectiveness is very low due to its high susceptibility to soil fixation. Phosphorus deficiency has become one of the main factors that limit the current crop yield improvement and quality improvement. Traditional agricultural production generally improves the utilization rate of phosphorus by plants through fertilization and soil improvement. In recent years, some scholars have proposed a new way to solve the contradiction between Phosphorus Demand and Phosphorus Supply in soil by exploiting and utilizing high efficient phosphorus species. In this paper, the necessity of soil phosphorus nutrition and its genetic improvement in China was reviewed. According to the current status of phosphorus nutrition in soybean, all high efficient and inefficient soybean materials obtained from high efficiency phosphorus breeding in China were summarized. In order to further clone the phosphorus metabolism Gene analysis of efficient physiological and molecular mechanisms of phosphorus, phosphorus breeding new varieties provide the basis.