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花生仁含有丰富的营养物质,是常见的营养食品,但是花生仁内也含有很多致敏蛋白质,它们可以与过敏患者血清中的IgE抗体结合,引起IgE介导的过敏反应,最终导致机体生理功能的紊乱或组织损伤。Ara h 1(Arachishypogaea allergy 1)、Ara h 2和Ara h 3被认为是主要的花生致敏原,其热稳定性强,不易被蛋白酶彻底消化。致敏原含有的IgE抗体结合表位是其引发机体过敏反应的物质基础。人类食用花生而引发的过敏症因其潜在的危险性、长期性而日益受到关注。本文对近几年来国内外在这三种主要致敏原的理化性质、结构特点、基因表达模式、免疫学特性和功能方面取得的研究成果进行了全面综述,并对其今后的研究方向提出了展望。
Peanut is rich in nutrients, is a common nutritional food, but also contains many peanut sensitization proteins, which can be combined with allergic serum IgE antibodies, causing IgE-mediated allergic reactions, and ultimately lead to the body’s physiological function Disorder or tissue damage. Arah1 (Arachishypogaea allergy 1), Arah2 and Arah3 are considered to be the major peanut allergens, which are highly thermostable and resistant to digestion by proteases. The allergen-containing IgE antibody binding epitopes are the material basis for its anaphylactic reaction. Allergies triggered by human consumption of peanuts are gaining more and more attention due to their potential dangers and long-term effects. In this paper, the research results of physical and chemical properties, structural characteristics, gene expression patterns, immunological characteristics and functions of these three major allergens in recent years are comprehensively reviewed and their future research directions are proposed Outlook.