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清末开禁放垦后的戏曲五十年概述(1861—1911年)1861年(咸丰十一年),清政府在内外交迫之下,开始对黑龙江地区的西部和东部地区开禁放垦。到光绪年间,清统治者不再推行对汉族移民的歧视政策,准许民人领地纳租和招民代垦,这样,就使汉族移民有了合法耕种的权利和土地所有权。从1904年(光绪三十年)至1911年(宣统三年),清政府对黑龙江地区实行全面开放,进行更大规模的移民招垦,特别是1903年中东铁路的建成和通车,
Fifty years of open-ended opera in the late Qing Dynasty Overview (1861-1911) In 1861 (eleven years of Xianfeng), under the internal and external pressure from the Qing government, the Qing government began to banning the cultivation of the western and eastern Heilongjiang Province. By the time of the Guangxu period, the Qing rulers no longer implemented the policy of discrimination against the Han immigrants, allowing the people’s territory to rent and recruit people to reclaim land. In this way, Han immigrants had the right to legal cultivation and land ownership. From 1904 (thirty years Guangxu) to 1911 (three years of Xuantong), the Qing government implemented a full-scale opening up to the Heilongjiang area for more large-scale reclamation of reclaimed land, especially the completion and opening of the Middle East Railway in 1903,