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采用镰孢菌选择性培养基,从凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖环境中的海水、沉泥、饲料和对虾中分离镰孢菌并进行形态学鉴定。镰孢菌分离株经产毒培养,毒素抽提后,采用薄层层析法进行快速初步筛选,接着对毒素产物进行LC-MS/MS验证,同时阐明对虾养殖环境中产T-2毒素镰孢菌的发生规律。结果表明,对虾养殖环境中共分离出镰孢菌257株,其中饲料中的占26.8%(69/257);沉泥中的占62.6%(161/257);水样中的占6.2%(16/257);对虾体内的占6.2%(11/257)。形态学鉴定表明它们主要为以下4种镰孢菌,比例分别为串珠镰孢菌(Fusarium moniliforme)占11.7%(30/257);梨孢镰孢菌(F.poae)占5.4%(14/257);尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)占9.7%(25/257);拟枝孢镰孢菌(F.sporotrichioides)占6.6%(17/257);未鉴定种占66.5%(171/257)。薄层层析法发现产毒镰孢菌占10.6%(5/47)。经LC-MS/MS法检测,发现产生的主要毒素为T-2毒素,此外还有未知毒素。本研究为对虾镰孢菌病的有效控制提供基础数据。[中国渔业质量与标准,2014,4(6):59-64]
Fusarium isolates were collected from seawater, sediment, feedstuffs and shrimps in Litopenaeus vannamei culture environment and morphologically identified using Fusarium selective media. Fusarium isolates were subjected to toxin-producing culture. After the toxin was extracted, the flies were initially screened by TLC. Then the toxin products were identified by LC-MS / MS. Meanwhile, the effects of T-2 toxin Fusarium moniliforme The occurrence of bacteria. The results showed that a total of 257 strains of Fusarium were isolated from shrimp culture, of which 26.8% (69/257) were in feed, 62.6% (161/257) in sediment and 6.2% (16% / 257); shrimp body accounted for 6.2% (11/257). Morphological identification indicated that the four Fusarium species were mainly Fusarium moniliforme 11.7% (30/257) and Fusarium moniliforme 5.4% 257); F. oxysporum accounted for 9.7% (25/257); F. sporotrichioides accounted for 6.6% (17/257); unidentified species accounted for 66.5% (171 / 257). Thin layer chromatography found that Fusarium poisoning accounted for 10.6% (5/47). By LC-MS / MS test found that the main toxin produced T-2 toxin, in addition to unknown toxins. This study provides basic data for the effective control of fusarium shrimp disease. [Chinese Fisheries Quality and Standards, 2014,4 (6): 59-64]