疟疾流行病学监测的内容包括对所有发热病人进行过筛和血片镜检,建立病例侦查系统,随之是对阳性病例的治疗、流行病学调查和采取适当的预防措施。当防治规划进行到新的阶段,标准的疟疾度量方法,如脾肿和原虫调查不能判断疟疾状况时,建立病例侦查系统是非常必要的。在来医院或诊疗所就诊的病人中,查出疟疾病例,即称之为被动病例侦查(PCD)。由于在许多发展中国家,卫生保健单位所覆盖的范围往往是有限的,它取决于地形、交通运 Epidemiological surveillance of malaria includes screening and biopsy of all febrile patients and establishment of a case detection system followed by treatment of positive cases, epidemiological investigation and appropriate precautions. It is necessary to establish a case detection system when the prevention and control plan goes to a new phase and standard malaria measurement methods such as splenomegaly and protozoan surveys can not determine the status of malaria. Among the patients who come to the hospital or clinic, malaria cases are detected, which is called passive case detection (PCD). As the coverage of health-care units tends to be limited in many developing countries, it depends on the topography, transport