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干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死在基础和临床研究中均倍受争议。目前从骨髓干细胞移植后临床试验的尸检报告已经确定干细胞可以分化成心肌细胞。目前用于移植的干细胞主要分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞,胚胎干细胞增殖活跃且具有全能性,但由于其安全性而很难进入临床。成体干细胞主要包括骨骼肌干细胞、骨髓干细胞以及心脏干细胞等,成体干细胞由于没有移植排斥及明显的副作用已经进入临床,其中应用较广的是骨髓干细胞,但对其有效性也充满了争议。移植的时机和方式也是目前人们关注的热点,尚没有统一的认识。干细胞移植后所引起的心肌梗死、心律失常等副作用已经引起了人们的关注。
Stem cell transplantation for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is controversial in both basic and clinical studies. Current autopsy reports from clinical trials following bone marrow stem cell transplantation have determined that stem cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Currently used for transplantation stem cells are divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells proliferate and versatile, but due to its safety and difficult to enter the clinic. Adult stem cells include skeletal muscle stem cells, bone marrow stem cells and cardiac stem cells. Adult stem cells have entered the clinic because of no transplant rejection and obvious side effects. Bone marrow stem cells are widely used, but their effectiveness is also controversial. The timing and mode of transplantation are also the hot spots that people are currently concerned about, and there is no unified understanding yet. Stem cell transplantation caused by myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and other side effects have attracted people’s attention.