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随着节能工作的深入,仅从热力学第一定律的能量守恒观点来评价能量的利用,已显得越来越不够。因此,对能量的利用,应从热力学第一定律的能量守恒观点和热力学第二定律的能量贬质观点同时来评价和分析,已是当务之急。前者就是传统的用能和节能观点,以这样一种传统的观点展开的过程热力学分析,称之为热平衡分析法。以后一种观点展开的过程热力学分析,称之为热力学第二定律分析法。本文仅就热力学第二定律分析法中两个组成部分——(火用)分析和能级分析,进行系统的阐述,以与传统的观点进行比较,从而对能量利用过程作出合理的安排。
With the deepening of energy-saving work, it has become increasingly insufficient to evaluate the use of energy only from the perspective of energy conservation in the first law of thermodynamics. Therefore, the use of energy should be evaluated and analyzed at the same time from the viewpoint of energy conservation of the first law of thermodynamics and the viewpoint of energy degradation of the second law of thermodynamics. The former is the traditional view of energy use and energy conservation. A thermodynamic analysis of the process from such a traditional viewpoint is called thermal equilibrium analysis. The thermodynamic analysis of the process developed from a later point of view is called the second law of thermodynamics analysis. In this article, we only systematically explain the two components of the second law of thermodynamics—exergy analysis and energy level analysis—in order to compare them with traditional viewpoints and make reasonable arrangements for the energy utilization process.