论文部分内容阅读
目的研究百日咳高发地区报告病例的自然感染和疫苗接种情况,为发现相关危险因素和制定监测病例定义提供依据。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验对报告的百日咳病例和选择的对照进行百日咳抗体和白喉抗体检测,评价疫苗接种和自然感染对百日咳病例的影响。结果病例组百日咳IgG抗体阳性率(82.2%)显著高于对照组(40.0%),而白喉IgG抗体阳性率(11.1%)显著低于对照组(36.3%)。临床诊断病例的百日咳抗体阳性率(87.8%)显著高于疑似病例(25.0%)。对照组中百日咳抗体阳性率随着年龄的增长而增高(χ2=14.22,P=0.000 8)。85.3%的白喉抗体阳性者调查显示有百白破联合疫苗(DPT)接种史,但调查时提供有DPT接种史者中,白喉抗体阳性率为37.2%。结论DPT接种是影响百日咳发病的重要因素,监测病例定义能较好地发现真实的百日咳病例。
Objective To study the natural infection and vaccination of reported cases of whooping cough in high incidence areas and to provide the basis for the identification of relevant risk factors and the definition of monitoring cases. Methods Pertussis and diphtheria antibodies were tested on the reported pertussis cases and the selected controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the impact of vaccination and natural infection on pertussis cases. Results The positive rate of pertussis IgG antibody in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (82.2% vs 40.0%), while the diphtheria IgG antibody positive rate (11.1%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (36.3%). The prevalence of pertussis antibody (87.8%) in the clinically diagnosed cases was significantly higher than that of the suspected cases (25.0%). The positive rate of pertussis antibody in control group increased with age (χ2 = 14.22, P = 0.0008). A survey of 85.3% of diphtheria-antibody-positive subjects showed a history of DPT vaccination, but the positive rate of diphtheria antibody was 37.2% among those who provided DPT vaccination at the time of the survey. Conclusions DPT vaccination is an important factor influencing the incidence of whooping cough. The definition of monitoring case can better find the true cases of whooping cough.