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调查表明,加入 WTO 后,技术性贸易壁垒成了制约我省外贸出口的主要障碍。因此合理运用 WTO 规则要求,趋利避害,是突破技术性贸易壁垒、扩大外贸出口的根本途径。一、技术性贸易壁垒规则的主要内容1994年正式发布的《贸易技术壁垒协定》(WTO/TBT)是 WTO 最主要的规则之一,也是我国加入 WTO 后首先签订的三个规则之一。其主要内容为:技术法规、技术标准和合格评定程序。技术法规,是一些具有强制执行力的文件,它规定产品特性或与其有关的生产过程和生产方法,以及相关的管理条款。技术标准,是指由公认的机构核准、供共同使用和反复使用的、没有强制力的文件,它为产品或有关的生产过程和生产方法提供准则、指南或特征。合格评定程序,是指任何用于直接或间接确定满足技术法规或标准的有关要求的程序。协定规定,各成员方要按照国际标准制定技术规定,但各国在其认为适当的程序内如何保护人类健康和安全,保护
The survey shows that after joining the WTO, technical trade barriers have become major obstacles to the province’s foreign trade exports. Therefore, the rational application of the requirements of the WTO rules and seeking advantages and avoiding harm are fundamental ways to break through technical trade barriers and expand exports. I. Main Contents of the Technical Barriers to Trade Regulations The Trade and Technical Barriers Agreement (WTO/TBT), formally released in 1994, is one of the most important rules of the WTO, and it is also one of the first three rules that China has signed after joining the WTO. Its main content is: technical regulations, technical standards and conformity assessment procedures. Technical regulations are documents that have enforceability. They specify product characteristics or related production processes and production methods, as well as related management provisions. Technical standards refer to documents that have been approved by a recognized organization for common use and repeated use. There are no mandatory documents that provide guidelines, guidelines or characteristics for products or related production processes and production methods. A conformity assessment procedure refers to any procedure used to directly or indirectly determine the relevant requirements for meeting technical regulations or standards. The agreement stipulates that each member must formulate technical regulations in accordance with international standards, but how does the country protect human health and safety in the procedures it deems appropriate?