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机床标准件的设计及优化一直是国内外关注的重点,因为其对于机床相关性能的检测及评估起到积极作用。结合国内外通用的五轴数控机床的标准试件的优缺点,并对比ISO国际标准试件、美国NASA979系列试件、“S”形试件等试件的结构特征与机床性能检测特性的优缺点,综合现有大部分航空零件的特征,考察了这一类型工件加工机床的特性,设计出“X”形新型航空薄壁标准试件。首先对“X”形航空薄壁试件进行有限元分析并对开闭角与曲线曲率连续性等特征进行计算,根据有限元分析结果首次提出加工复杂度系数概念,对比切削力与热载荷,切削力在残余应力生成中占主导地位,在只考虑切削力的作用下,深入研究了“X”形航空薄壁试件在几何造型和机械结构设计方面的特性,证明了“X”形航空薄壁试件能够优于其他标准试件,在数控机床多轴联动精度和动态刚度特性的检测方面更具全面性与优越性。为基于“X”型新型航空薄壁标准试件的五轴数控机床综合动态精度检测特性研究提供科学依据及有效方法。
The design and optimization of machine standard parts have always been the focus of attention at home and abroad because of their positive effect on the testing and evaluation of machine tool related performance. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of standard test pieces of five-axis numerical control machine tools both at home and abroad, and comparing the structural characteristics of the ISO international standard test pieces, the United States NASA979 series test pieces, the “S” shape test pieces and the test characteristics of machine tool performance According to the characteristics of most aviation components, the characteristics of this type of workpiece machining machine are investigated, and a new thin-walled standard specimen with “X” shape is designed. Firstly, the finite element analysis of the thin-walled “X” shape thin-walled specimens was performed and the characteristics of opening and closing angle and curvature continuity were calculated. According to the finite element analysis results, the concept of machining complexity coefficient was proposed for the first time to compare the cutting force and heat Load and cutting force dominate the generation of residual stress. Under the action of considering only the cutting force, the characteristics of the “X” -shaped aerospace thin-walled specimen in geometric modeling and mechanical structure design are deeply studied, “X ” shaped aerospace thin-walled specimens can be superior to other standard specimens, more comprehensive and superior in the detection of multi-axis linkage accuracy and dynamic stiffness characteristics of CNC machine tools. It provides a scientific basis and effective method for the research on the comprehensive dynamic precision detection characteristics of five-axis NC machine tools based on the new “thin-walled” “X” aerospace standard specimen.