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土地利用与覆被变化是仅次于化石能源消耗的第二大碳排放源。1979年以来,中国旅游业保持高速增长,旅游发展所需的交通、住宿、娱乐等基础设施建设将导致显著的土地利用与覆被变化。为测算旅游业发展驱动的土地利用与覆被变化对旅游景区植被碳库的影响,研究通过多次田野调查重建了景区尺度的土地利用格局,利用土地转移矩阵明确了景区土地利用动态演变路径,结合研究区植被碳密度计算了2004—2010年景区植被碳库的变化。研究结果表明旅游业的发展导致景区土地利用格局显著变化。在研究期内草地是景区主要植被,但随着旅游的发展,草地与灌丛、林地等用地之间不断相互转换。尽管有约52ha土地用于旅游住宿、基础设施及休闲活动设施,但景区内植被碳库不但没有减少,反而增加了442.4 Mg,这主要是因为景区为提高旅游环境质量采取了植被保护措施。这表明旅游业可以通过良好的景观营造等土地管理措施,增加景区碳汇,用以“中和”旅游业能源消耗引起的碳排放。
Land use and cover change is the second largest source of carbon emissions after fossil energy consumption. Since 1979, China’s tourism industry has maintained a rapid growth. Infrastructure construction such as transportation, accommodation and entertainment required for tourism development will lead to significant changes in land use and cover. In order to estimate the impact of land use and cover change driven by tourism development on vegetation carbon pool in tourist areas, this paper researches the land use pattern of scenic spot scale through multiple field surveys, and uses the land transfer matrix to clarify the dynamic evolution path of land use, Based on the vegetation carbon density in the study area, the change of vegetation carbon pool in the scenic area from 2004 to 2010 was calculated. The results show that the development of tourism leads to significant changes in the pattern of land use in scenic areas. During the study period, grassland is the main vegetation in the scenic area. However, with the development of tourism, the conversion of grassland, shrubs and woodlands into one another. Although about 52ha of land is used for tourist accommodation, infrastructure and recreational activities, the vegetation carbon pool in the scenic area has not been reduced but instead increased by 442.4 Mg, mainly because the scenic areas have taken measures to improve the quality of the tourism environment. This shows that tourism can create more land through good landscape management measures to increase scenic carbon sinks to “neutralize” the energy consumption of tourism caused by carbon emissions.