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目的通过调查大仓鼠种群数量和季节消长原因,为农田害鼠控制及种群发生预测提供依据。方法1994-2014年,采用夹线法于每年1-12月进行调查,每月上旬选监测点农田5块,布放鼠夹500夹夜。捕获鼠测量体重、体长、尾长、耳高和后足长,解剖观察繁殖情况。以体重为指标,分析大仓鼠年龄结构及其繁殖力、粮食作物面积变化和人为控制因素对种群数量的影响。结果种群年龄结构不完整时,大仓鼠群体数量急剧下降。5-9月成年以上雌繁殖鼠数与大仓鼠群体数量呈显著正相关,可作为预测群体数量变化的重要指标。粮食种植面积及持续开展的灭鼠工作对大仓鼠繁殖力和种群年龄结构产生影响,引起大仓鼠群体数量下降。结论粮食种植面积和人为控制影响大仓鼠群体的繁殖力及群体年龄结构。当种群年龄结构遭到破坏,繁殖力下降到一定水平时,大仓鼠种群数量急剧下降且无法快速恢复;主要繁殖期(5-9月)成年雌繁殖鼠数可作为预测顺义区大仓鼠种群数量消长的重要指标。
Objective To investigate the control of hamster in farmland and the prediction of population by investigating the number of hamster population and the causes of seasonal fluctuation. Methods From 1994 to 2014, surveys were conducted every January to December using the clamp method. Five farmlands at the monitoring sites were selected in the first ten days of each month, and rats were kept for 500 nights. Trapping rats to measure body weight, body length, tail length, ear height and hind foot length, anatomical observation of reproduction. Using body weight as an index, we analyzed the age structure of the hamster and its fecundity, the changes of the area of food crops and the influence of man-made factors on population quantity. Results When the age structure of the population was not complete, the number of large hamster populations declined sharply. From May to September, there was a significant positive correlation between the number of adult female rats and the number of large hamsters, which could be used as an important index to predict the number of herds. The area planted with grain and the continuous rodent control work exerted an influence on the fecundity and population age structure of large hamsters, causing a decline in the population of large hamsters. Conclusion The grain-growing area and artificial control affect the fertility and population age structure of large hamster population. When the age structure of the population was destroyed and the fecundity dropped to a certain level, the number of large hamster populations declined sharply and could not be quickly restored. The number of adult female rats in the main breeding season (May-September) An important indicator of growth and decline.