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通货膨胀和价格不断上涨加剧了资本主义所固有的矛盾,使资本再生产的一般条件更趋恶化。本文拟就国家垄断资本主义国家中的现代通货膨胀机制问题作些分析。 (一)通货膨胀的国内因素通货膨胀是纸币贬值的过程,在数量上表现为价格的上涨。某个国家的价格上涨得愈快,这个国家的货币在国内市场上的购买力也丧失得愈快(在国际市场上其购买力是通过一定的中间环节丧失的)。例如,出于国内市场的价格上涨,美元在1967—1978年间贬值50％,英镑贬值2/3以上,法郎和日元贬值60％,西德马克贬值40％,意大利里拉贬值70％。1979年,价格继续加速上涨;在一些主要的资本主义国家里,零售价格上涨得特别厉害,美国是13％,英国是16％,法国是11％,意大利是15％。1980年这个过程仍然在继续发展。
Inflation and rising prices exacerbated the inherent contradictions of capitalism and worsened the general conditions for capital reproduction. This article intends to analyze the problems of modern inflation in the state monopoly capitalist countries. (A) the domestic factor of inflation Inflation is the process of currency devaluation, the price performance of the price rise. The faster the price of a country rises, the more the country’s currency will lose its purchasing power in the domestic market (in the international market, its purchasing power is lost through certain intermediate links). For example, out of the domestic market, the dollar devalued by 50% between 1967 and 1978, the pound sterling by more than two-thirds, the franc and the yen by 60%, the de-Sima devaluation by 40% and the Italian lira by 70%. Prices continued to accelerate in 1979; in some major capitalist countries, retail prices rose particularly strongly, with 13% in the United States, 16% in the United Kingdom, 11% in France and 15% in Italy. In 1980 this process is still continuing to develop.