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具有小的真空容积的电子管在长期存放之后,当它开始工作时,往往由于打火而产生故障。利用管内气体的四极场质谱分析(QMA)和对管内电极上污染沉积物分析的俄歇电子能谱仪(AES),我们已找到在具有0.1立方厘米管内容积特殊管型中的主要故障机理。这个主要故障原因是微观的裂纹不断的扩展,而从陶瓷的孔隙释放氮气。这种气体吸附在灯丝、电极和管内表壁上。当管子一旦工作时,由于热和电子的作用产生解吸,气体被释放出来。
A tube with a small vacuum volume tends to fail due to sparking after it has been stored for a long period of time when it starts to work. Using the quadrupole field mass spectrometry (QMA) of in-tube gas and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for the analysis of contaminated deposits on the in-tube electrodes we have found the primary failure mechanism in a special tube with an inner volume of 0.1 cm3 . The main cause of this failure is the continuous propagation of microscopic cracks, which release nitrogen from the pores of the ceramic. This gas is adsorbed on the filament, the electrode, and the inner surface of the tube. Once the tube is working, the gas is released due to the desorption of heat and electrons.