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本文以波兰作家维托尔德·贡布罗维奇的中篇小说《一件臆想杀人案》作为个案,分析侦探小说与精神分析学在结构、主题和情节等方面的关系。精神分析学的思路和方法均对侦探小说的写作发生影响。这篇作品表现出两个鲜明的特色:一是由认识论思维转向本体论思维,即由破解血腥的案件转而探究涉案者的潜意识;二是对经典侦探小说存在与缺席、形与神、爱与恨、知与行等二元对立模式的解构。与大体同期的弗洛伊德和稍后的拉康相仿,贡布罗维奇以文学方式演绎弑父、焦虑、罪疚感等话题,凸显他对“罪与罚”主题的深邃思考。
This article analyzes the relationship between detective novels and psychoanalysis in terms of structure, theme and plot with a case study of a poetic homicide by the Polish author Vittor Gombrovich. Psychoanalysis ideas and methods have an impact on the writing of detective novels. This work shows two distinctive features: one is the shift from epistemological thinking to ontological thinking, that is, from the detection of bloody cases to the subconsciousness of the involved persons; the other is the existence and absence of classical detective novels, the form and spirit, the love And hate, knowledge and deeds and other binary opposition mode deconstruction. Similar to Freud in general and later Lacan, Gabrockovic literary interpretation of patricide, anxiety, guilt and other topics, highlighting his “crime and punishment,” the theme of deep thinking.