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“典故”是指诗词中引用的古书中的故事或者词语。它包括两方面的内容:①历史故事;②古代书籍中使用的词语。例如:①封狼居胥,赢得仓皇北顾。(《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》)②唐宗宋祖,稽逊风骚。(《沁园春·雪》)例①引用汉代的历史故事,汉将霍去病追击匈奴刊狼居胥山为纪念胜利,筑土为坛,封山而还。表示宋文帝刘义隆想建立如霍去病那样的功绩。例②“风骚”,指《诗经》中的“国风”、《楚辞》中的《离骚》,引用古书中的词语。
“Allusions” refers to the stories or words in ancient books cited in poetry. It includes two aspects: 1 historical story; 2 words used in ancient books. For example: 1 wolf loiters, won the bailout. (“Yong Yule, Jingkou Beigu Pavilion, Nostalgia”) 2 Tang Zong Song Zu, 稽 风 风 风. (“Guiyuan Spring Snow”) Example 1 quoted the history of the Han Dynasty, the Han will go to the Huns to track down the Xiongnu Wolf Lang Hatoyama to commemorate the victory, building an earth as an altar, closing the mountain and return. He expressed that Song Wendi Liu Yilong wanted to build his achievements like Huo Xiaobing. Case 2 “Courtesy” refers to the “national style” in “The Book of Songs” and “Lisao” in “The Song of the South”, which refers to the words in ancient books.