0引言小水电是清洁可再生能源,既不存在资源枯竭问题,又不会对环境造成污染,是我国实施可持续发展战略不可缺少的组成部分。据有关测算数据,我国小水电提供的能源相当于每年节约5 000~6 400万t标准煤,免除560万t烟尘、130万t二氧化硫、12 400万t一氧化碳、47万t氯化氮、16 000 0 Introduction Small hydropower is a clean and renewable energy source. There is neither the problem of depletion of resources nor the pollution of the environment. It is an indispensable part of our strategy of implementing sustainable development. According to the calculation data, the energy provided by SHP in our country is equivalent to saving 54 to 64 million tons of standard coal per year, eliminating 5.6 million tons of dust, 1.3 million tons of sulfur dioxide, 124 million tons of carbon monoxide, 470,000 tons of nitrogen chloride and 16 000