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民法中的显失公平制度,是在私法自治大背景下,对个别合同签订过程中的明显不公平进行矫正,维护社会的正义和秩序的一项制度。我国自1986年《民法通则》第59条中有关“显失公平”的规定颁布以来,引发了理论界对于显失公平构成要件的持续争议。我国现行法中的显失公平制度在认定实体权利不公平和程序权利不公平的标准上都存在一些值得商榷之处,易导致显失公平制度在司法实践中的混乱,需要从实体要件和程序要件两个方面进行重构,以便该制度在我国今后民事立法中更趋科学化和体系化。
The system of apparent loss of fairness in civil law is a system of rectifying the apparent unfairness in the process of signing individual contracts and safeguarding the social justice and order under the background of the autonomy of private law. Since the promulgation of Article 59 of the General Principles of Civil Law in 1986 on “Obviously Unfair Fairness”, China has sparked continuing controversy over the apparent elements of constitutional inequality. The system of conspicuousness and unfairness in the current law of our country exists some debatable problems in determining the unfairness of the entity rights and the unfair procedural rights. It is easy to lead to the confusion of the conspicuousness and fairness system in judicial practice, So as to make the system more scientific and systematic in our country’s future civil legislation.