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干旱灾害是我国主要的自然灾害之一。近年来,连续性、极端干旱灾害时有发生,对我国粮食安全、饮水安全和生态安全造成严重威胁。土壤墒情是旱情监测的重要指标,遥感技术具有观测范围广、实时性强以及成本低廉等优势,可以广泛应用于土壤墒情监测。本文分析了土壤墒情与地表参数NDVI(归一化植被指数)和LJST(地表温度)的关系,建立了基于NDVI和LST、并考虑土壤类型的土壤墒情遥感监测模型。利用该模型,基于MODIS遥感影像和地面实测墒情,对2010年10月到2011年5月山东省旱情进行了动态监测。监测结果显示:山东省的旱情经历了不断加重,再到逐渐缓解。然后又局部加重。最终全部缓解的过程,干旱核心区为鲁南地区,与实际情况一致。
Drought Disasters are one of the major natural disasters in our country. In recent years, continuous and extreme drought disasters have occurred from time to time, posing a serious threat to China’s food security, drinking water security and ecological security. Soil moisture is an important indicator of drought monitoring. Remote sensing technology has the advantages of wide observation range, real-time performance and low cost, and can be widely applied to soil moisture monitoring. This paper analyzes the relationship between soil moisture content and NDVI (normalized vegetation index) and LJST (surface temperature), and establishes a remote sensing monitoring model of soil moisture based on NDVI and LST, taking soil types into account. Using this model, based on the MODIS remote sensing image and the measured soil moisture, the drought monitoring in Shandong Province from October 2010 to May 2011 was carried out. Monitoring results show that: the drought in Shandong Province has experienced increasing, and then gradually eased. And then partially aggravated. Finally, the process of all mitigation, drought core area for the Lunan region, with the actual situation.