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亚里士多德对科学知识体系的划分是一个看似简单、实则复杂的问题,因为亚里士多德在从事这一工作中运用了不同的划分标准,这既包括从对象领域的不同出发所做的划分,也包括从思维功能的差异出发所做的划分,从而,在他那里,既有依据自然事物、实践事物、创制事物的对象差别而来的物理学(自然知识)、实践知识、创制知识的分类,又有依据静观的思维、实践的思维、创制的思维而来的静观知识、实践知识、创制知识的分类。研究者往往将这两种有联系但又有区别的划分方式混为一谈,并且由此企图将自然知识从思维方式上与实践知识和创制知识根本对立起来。本文在深入考察亚里士多德相关文本的基础上澄清了这两种划分方式之间的区别与联系,明确了亚里士多德科学知识体系划分的基本原则,并且表明了甚至静观的思维也可以运用于实践知识和创制知识中。
Aristotle’s demarcation of the system of scientific knowledge is a seemingly simple, yet complicated question because Aristotle used different division criteria in his work, both from the different aspects of the subject area The division made also includes the division made from the difference of thinking functions, so that there is not only a combination of physics (natural knowledge) and practical knowledge that is based on the difference of objects of nature, practice, and creation , The creation of knowledge classification, but also based on the static thinking, practice thinking, creation of thinking from the static knowledge, practice knowledge, create knowledge classification. Researchers often confuse these two connected but differentiated ways of dividing, and thus attempt to radically contradict natural knowledge from practical knowledge and creative knowledge. Based on an in-depth study of Aristotle’s related texts, this article clarifies the differences and connections between the two methods of division, clarifies the basic principles of the division of Aristotle’s scientific knowledge system and shows that even the quiet thinking Can also be applied to practice knowledge and create knowledge.