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近五、六年来,首先在美国,后来在其他一些发达的资本主义国家中,有些学者开始议论“第四次产业革命”。比较有代表性的论著有美国社会学家约·奈斯比特一九八二年出版的《大趋势》一书和另一位美国社会学家阿·托夫勒一九八○年出版的《第三次浪潮》一书。这个动向已经引起我国各阶层人士的注意,赵紫阳总理在一九八三年十月做过一次题目为“应当注意研究‘世界新的工业革命’和我们的对策”的讲话。赵总理在这篇讲话中指出,如果确实出现新的工业革命,出现科学技术的重大突破,出现整个世界社会生产力的新的飞跃,那么对中国向四化进军来说,将既是一个机会,也是一个挑战。赵总理还指出,过去中国经济的发展,错过了很多机会。十八世纪后半叶,欧洲发明了蒸汽机、织机和反射炉,引起社会生产力的巨大进步,而中国当时却在清王朝的封建统治下,闭关锁国,无所作为。十九世纪末,西方发明了内燃机、发现了电的应用,日本抓
In the last five or six years, first in the United States, and later in some other developed capitalist countries, some scholars began to talk about the “Fourth Industrial Revolution.” More representative of the works of the American sociologist 约奈斯比特 published in 1982, “Megatrends” and another American sociologist 阿托托勒勒 published in 1980 “ Third Wave ”a book. This trend has drawn the attention of all walks of life in our country. In October 1983, Premier Zhao Ziyang made a speech titled “We should pay attention to studying the new industrial revolution in the world and our countermeasures.” In his speech, Premier Zhao pointed out that if a new industrial revolution does indeed emerge, a major breakthrough in science and technology and a new leap in social productivity in the entire world appear, it will be both an opportunity and an opportunity for China to march toward the four modernizations A challenge. Premier Zhao also pointed out that in the past, China’s economic development missed many opportunities. In the second half of the eighteenth century, the invention of steam engines, looms and reverberatory furnaces in Europe aroused tremendous progress in social productivity. At the time, however, under the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, China closed its door and did nothing. At the end of the nineteenth century, the West invented an internal combustion engine and discovered the application of electricity to Japan