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针对改革开放以来中国制造业区域转移的巨大变化,本文探讨了制造业区域转移的作用机理,并基于19个两位数制造业数据进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,运输成本对制造业选择邻近市场的区位具有重要意义,出口导向战略、国内需求不足以及经济发展对国际市场的依赖凸现了沿海地区的区位优势,推动了制造业区域转移;随着制造业逐步集聚,集聚经济外部性也发挥了相当作用,经验证据支持马歇尔外部性和波特外部性的积极影响,雅各布外部性的证据则较弱;由于富有弹性的劳动力供给,工资调整并没有对制造业集聚产生抑制作用。此外,地区间市场化差异也对制造业区域转移产生了影响。
In response to the huge changes in the regional transfer of manufacturing industry in China since the reform and opening up, this paper explores the mechanism of regional transfer in manufacturing industry and conducts an empirical analysis based on 19 double-digit manufacturing data. The results show that transportation cost plays an important role in manufacturing location in neighboring markets. Export-oriented strategy, inadequate domestic demand and dependence of economic development on international markets highlight the advantages of coastal areas and promote the regional transfer of manufacturing industries. The gradual concentration of manufacturing industries and the agglomeration of economic externalities also play a considerable role. Empirical evidence supports the positive influence of Marshall’s externality and Porter’s externality, while the evidence of Jacob’s externality is weak. Due to the flexible labor supply, wage adjustment There was no restraint on manufacturing agglomeration. In addition, differences in marketization between regions also have an impact on the relocation of manufacturing regions.