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[目的]探讨参考作物蒸散量在全球气候变化环境中的区域响应形式及其影响因素。[方法]利用Penman-Monteith方程计算澳大利亚1998～2007年的参考作物蒸散量(ET0),通过GIS方法分析ET0的时空变化特征并探讨了ET0与主要气候因子的关系。[结果]①澳大利亚多年平均ET0呈半环状分布,自东、南两面向西北部和内陆逐渐增加,与气候带分布具有较高的空间一致性;②全区平均ET0约1750mm,2000年取得最小值(1647.97mm),2002年取得最大值(1851.45mm);③ET0按夏、春、秋、冬的顺序递减,1月、12月ET0最高,分别为200.42mm、201.24mm,6月最低,为79.55mm;④ET0与平均气温、太阳辐射量正相关,确定性系数分别为0.83、0.94,与平均相对湿度呈负相关关系,与降水量没有明显的相关性。[结论]该研究为澳大利亚的作物需水量研究及灌溉措施的制定提供了参考。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the regional response form of reference evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in the global climate change environment. [Method] The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) of Australia from 1998 to 2007 was calculated by Penman-Monteith equation. The temporal and spatial variation of ET0 was analyzed by GIS and the relationship between ET0 and main climatic factors was also discussed. [Result] ①The multi-year average ET0 in Australia showed a semicircular distribution, increasing gradually from the east and the south to the northwest and inland, and had a high spatial consistency with the distribution of climatic zones. ② The average ET0 in the whole area was about 1750 mm in 2000 (1647.97mm) and the maximum value (1851.45mm) in 2002. (3) ET0 decreased in the order of summer, spring, autumn and winter. ET0 was the highest in January and December at 200.42mm and 201.24mm respectively, the lowest in June , Which is 79.55mm. (4) There is a positive correlation between ET0 and the average temperature and solar radiation. The deterministic coefficients are 0.83 and 0.94, respectively, which are negatively correlated with the average relative humidity and have no obvious correlation with the precipitation. [Conclusion] The study provided a reference for the study of crop water requirement and the formulation of irrigation measures in Australia.