对436例血液病患儿进行回顾性调查分析。结果发生医院感染的53例,医院感染发生率为12.16％,感染部位以呼吸道及胃肠道最常见。免疫抑制剂、化疗、延长住院时间是增加医院感染的危险因素。提示医院感染的发生与血液病患儿免疫功能低下有关,应加强血液病管理和监控。 Retrospective analysis of 436 children with hematological diseases. Results 53 cases of hospital infection occurred, the incidence of nosocomial infection was 12.16%, the most common respiratory and gastrointestinal sites of infection. Immunosuppressive agents, chemotherapy, prolongation of hospital stay are risk factors for increased nosocomial infections. Suggesting that the occurrence of nosocomial infections in children with hematological diseases and immune dysfunction, blood disease management and monitoring should be strengthened.