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目的研究农村室内空气污染与学龄前儿童上呼吸道症状发生的关系,为农村室内空气污染干预提供基线数据。方法选择贵州贵定县农村751名学龄前儿童,进行健康调查和室内空气污染危险因素调查。结果单因素和多因素分析均显示,做饭时在厨房玩耍对儿童急性上呼吸道症状两周发生率影响显著,调整混杂因素后,与不在厨房玩耍的儿童相比,做饭时在厨房玩耍的儿童发生鼻塞和打喷嚏危险性分别增加了152%(OR=2.52,95%CI:1.36~4.67)和136%(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.29~4.32)。结论在厨房的污染物暴露是学龄前儿童呼吸系统健康主要的环境危险因素之一。在今后的农村室内空气污染干预过程中,应加强行为干预,减少学龄前儿童在厨房逗留的机会。
Objective To study the relationship between indoor air pollution in rural areas and the occurrence of upper respiratory tract symptoms in preschool children and to provide baseline data for indoor air pollution intervention in rural areas. Methods 751 preschool children in rural Guizhou were selected for health survey and risk factors of indoor air pollution. Results Both univariate and multivariate analyzes showed that playing in the kitchen during cooking had a significant effect on the incidence of acute upper respiratory symptoms in children during two weeks. After adjusting for confounding factors, children playing in the kitchen were less likely to play The risk of nasal obstruction and sneezing in children increased by 152% (OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.36-4.67) and 136% (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.29-4.32, respectively). Conclusion Exposure to contaminants in the kitchen is one of the major environmental risk factors for respiratory health in preschool children. In the future rural air pollution intervention in rural areas, behavioral interventions should be strengthened to reduce the preschool children’s stay in the kitchen.