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The traditional strengthening elements of titanium alloys include Al,Mo,V,etc.,however,the high cost and toxicity of these elements put a limit on their further applications for biomaterials.Ubiquitous light elements such as oxygen are hopeful replacement due to high biocompatibility.It is recognized that the oxygen enhances the strength but pays the price of brittleness,thus the amount of oxygen is constrained.However,recent study results indicated that excess oxygen can keep high ductility together with high strength of titanium.This paper reviews the influence and the mechanism of oxygen on the strength and ductility of titanium alloys,and provides a new perspective for the strengthening method of titanium alloys.