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每个国家关于监护制度的内涵和外延都不同。大陆法系国家有亲权制度,监护对象是不在父母监管之下的未成年人。法学家史尚宽认为监护制度是“为保护不在亲权下的未成年人或禁治产人的身体和财产所设的私法上之制度”。也有专家将其定义为“所谓监护,系对不服亲权之未成年子女或禁治产人为身体及财产照顾之制度而言”。我国的监护制度包括对无民事行为能力人的监护和对限制行为能力人的监护。我国的未成年人是不满18周岁的人,而其可以从事与其年龄、智力相适宜的民事活动。
The connotation and denotation of guardianship system in each country are different. Civil law countries have a parental system, guardianship is not under the supervision of minors. The lawyer Shi Shangkuan thinks the guardianship system is “the system of private law for the protection of minors who are not under the patriarchal power or forbidding the birth of human beings.” Some experts also define it as “the so-called guardianship system that refers to the minor children who refuse to accept the parental rights, or the system of taking care of the maternity and taking care of the body and property.” The system of guardianship in our country includes guardianship of persons without civil capacity and guardianship of persons with limited capacity. Minors in our country are those under the age of 18 who can engage in civil activities appropriate to their age and intelligence.