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通过紫外线(UV)对冷冻的鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)精子进行灭活,利用冷休克和压力休克方法诱导星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)雌核发育二倍体,同时利用灭活鲈精子制备单倍体胚胎,未灭活鲈精子受精制备杂交胚胎,星斑川鲽精子受精制备正常发育胚胎。对以上几种胚胎发育时序、发育生物学特征进行了观察比较。结果表明,卵裂期单倍体、杂交二倍体和雌核发育二倍体胚胎发育速度与普通二倍体胚胎没有明显差异,从低囊胚期开始各实验组胚胎发育速度均慢于普通二倍体胚胎;杂交胚胎在胚体形成期基本死亡,单倍体胚胎在尾芽期停止发育死亡,均不能正常孵出。雌核发育二倍体与普通二倍体具有相似的发育时序,普通二倍体100 h 10 min孵化出膜,而雌核发育二倍体104 h 50 min孵化出膜。雌核发育胚体畸形率(53.59±0.36)%,孵化率(0.11±0.01)%;普通二倍体胚体畸形率(35.11±6.19)%,孵化率(58.01±5.30)%;与普通二倍体相比,雌核发育二倍体胚体畸形率高,孵化率低,但孵化鱼苗能够正常发育,获得了雌核发育群体。本研究为星斑川鲽雌核发育提供了技术方法,同时为单倍体、杂交和雌核发育胚胎的发育生物学研究提供了细胞生物学证据。
The frozen sperm of Lateolabrax japonicus was inactivated by ultraviolet (UV) light, and the diploid was induced by cold shock and pressure shock in the gynogenetic diploid of Platichthys stellatus. Somatic embryos and non-inactivated perch sperm were used for the preparation of hybrid embryos. Several embryo developmental sequences and developmental biological characteristics were observed and compared. The results showed that the diploid embryo development rate in haploid, hybrid diploid and gynogenetic embryos did not differ significantly from that in normal diploid embryos, and the embryonic development rate in all experimental groups was slower than normal Diploid embryos; hybrid embryos in the formation of the embryo body basically died, haploid embryos in the caudal period to stop the development and death, can not be normal hatch. The diploid of gynogenetic development had the same developmental timing as that of normal diploid, and the common diploid hatched out of the membrane at 100 h after 10 min, while the diploid of gynogenetic embryo developed from the diploid at 104 h after 50 min. The rate of embryo body abnormality (53.59 ± 0.36)% and hatching rate (0.11 ± 0.01)% in gynogenetic embryos was the same as that of normal two (35.11 ± 6.19)% and hatching rate (58.01 ± 5.30)% respectively. Compared with the ploidy, gynogenetic diploid embryo body had high rate of abnormality and hatching rate, but the hatching fry could develop normally and gynogenetic group was obtained. The present study provides a technical method for the gynogenetic development of Asclepias obliquus, and provides cell biology evidence for the developmental biology of haploid, hybrid and gynogenetic embryos.