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意大利著名微观史学家,微观史运动发起人之一乔瓦尼·莱维教授于2011年撰写此文,全面反思三十年来意大利微观史研究兴起与发展中出现的争议与问题。作者将微观史的兴起与意大利现实的政治和社会背景紧密相连,指出微观史的产生是历史复杂性分析的需要,它作为一种新的历史叙述方法,其研究目的在于重构和还原某一特定时期、特定地区的历史事实。在此基础上,作者修正了长期以来对微观史的一些片面认识,微观史不是专门研究典型而独特历史事件的研究方法,也并不排斥宏观的历史叙事,更非意大利所特有的研究主题。微观史作为解决历史事实与认知偏差之间永恒矛盾的方法之一,在新世纪仍具有推动历史研究发展的极大潜力。
Professor Giovanni Levi, one of Italy’s leading micro-historians and one of the initiators of the micro-history movement, wrote this article in 2011 to fully reflect on the controversies and issues that arose in the rise and development of the study on the micro-history of Italy in the past 30 years. The author closely linked the rise of the micro-history with the political and social background of the Italian reality, pointed out that the emergence of the micro-history is the need of historical complexity analysis. As a new method of historical narration, the purpose of the research is to reconstruct and restore The historical facts of a specific area and period On this basis, the author amends some one-sided understanding of the micro-history for a long time. The micro-history is not a research method that specializes in typical and unique historical events. It does not exclude macroscopic historical narratives and even non-Italian specific research topics. As one of the methods to solve the eternal contradiction between historical fact and cognitive deviation, micro-history still has great potential to promote the development of historical research in the new century.